(a) A person may serve as a second-in-command of an aircraft type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember or in operations requiring a second-in-command pilot flight crewmember only if that person holds:

     (1) At least a private pilot certificate with the appropriate category and class rating; and

     (2) An instrument rating or privilege that applies to the aircraft being flown if the flight is under IFR; and

     (3) The appropriate pilot type rating for the aircraft unless the flight will be conducted as domestic flight operations within United States airspace.

 

Note that to operate out of US airspace, an SIC must have an SIC type rating.

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(b) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may serve as a second-in-command of an aircraft type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember or in operations requiring a second-in-command unless that person has within the previous 12 calendar months:

     (1) Become familiar with the following information for the specific type aircraft for which second-in-command privileges are requested—

          (i) Operational procedures applicable to the powerplant, equipment, and systems.

          (ii) Performance specifications and limitations.

          (iii) Normal, abnormal, and emergency operating procedures.

          (iv) Flight manual.

          (v) Placards and markings.

     (2) Except as provided in paragraph (g) of this section, performed and logged pilot time in the type of aircraft or in a flight simulator that represents the      type of aircraft for which second-in-command privileges are requested, which includes—

          (i) Three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop as the sole manipulator of the flight controls;

          (ii) Engine-out procedures and maneuvering with an engine out while executing the duties of pilot in command; and

          (iii) Crew resource management training.

(c) If a person complies with the requirements in paragraph (b) of this section in the calendar month before or the calendar month after the month in which compliance with this section is required, then that person is considered to have accomplished the training and practice in the month it is due.

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(d) A person may receive a second-in-command pilot type rating for an aircraft after satisfactorily completing the second-in-command familiarization training requirements under paragraph (b) of this section in that type of aircraft provided the training was completed within the 12 calendar months before the month of application for the SIC pilot type rating. The person must comply with the following application and pilot certification procedures:

     (1) The person who provided the training must sign the applicant's logbook...after each lesson...

     (2) The trainer...must make an endorsement in the applicant's logbook that states “[Applicant's Name and Pilot Certificate Number] has demonstrated the skill      and knowledge required for the safe operation of the [Type of Aircraft], relevant to the duties and responsibilities of a second in command.”

     (3) If the applicant's flight experience and/or training records are in an electronic form, the applicant must present a paper copy of those records containing      the signature of the trainer or qualified management official to an FAA Flight Standards District Office or Examiner.

     (4) The applicant must complete and sign an Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, FAA Form 8710–1, and present the application to an FAA Flight      Standards District Office or to an Examiner.

     (5) The person who provided the ground and flight training to the applicant must sign the “Instructor's Recommendation” section of the Airman Certificate      and/or Rating Application, FAA Form 8710–1...

     (6) The applicant must appear in person at a FAA Flight Standards District Office or to an Examiner with his or her logbook/training records and with the      completed and signed FAA Form 8710–1.

     (7) There is no practical test required for the issuance of the “SIC Privileges Only” pilot type rating.

 

Essentially, by completing an 8710-1 and having an instructor endorsement, a pilot who has completed the training required to act as an SIC, is entitled to an SIC type rating.

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(f) The familiarization training requirements of paragraph (b) of this section do not apply to a person who is:

     ...(3) Designated as the second in command in that specific type of aircraft for the purpose of receiving flight training required by this section, and no      passengers or cargo are carried on the aircraft...

(g) The holder of a commercial or airline transport pilot certificate with the appropriate category and class rating is not required to meet the requirements of paragraph (b)(2) of this section, provided the pilot:

     (1) Is conducting a ferry flight, aircraft flight test, or evaluation flight of an aircraft's equipment; and

     (2) Is not carrying any person or property on board the aircraft, other than necessary for conduct of the flight.

(h) For the purpose of meeting the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section, a person may serve as second in command in that specific type aircraft, provided:

     (1) The flight is conducted under day VFR or day IFR; and

     (2) No person or property is carried on board the aircraft, other than necessary for conduct of the flight.

 

No passengers or non-essential cargo can be carried while a pilot is performing the landings necessary to qualify as an SIC.  For ferry/ test flights, an ATP or commercial pilot can serve as SIC with no training required, again, as long as no passengers or non-essential cargo are carried.

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(j) When an applicant for an initial second-in-command qualification for a particular type of aircraft receives all the training in a flight simulator, that applicant must satisfactorily complete one takeoff and one landing in an aircraft of the same type for which the qualification is sought....